Another Mediterranean coastal city, Marseille in southern France, is also a traffic hotspot.
The bustling port has worse congestion than Paris, even though its population is less than one million.
Traffic expert Cohn said the harbor and coastline pose particular problems
"There are not many options for getting around and out of the city center," he said.
Drivers should expect a typical journey to take 40% longer compared to the quieter times of the day.
