The Individual 401(k) is an especially good choice if you are scrambling to build up your retirement savings and can afford to sock away a considerable portion of your earnings. The generous contribution formula lets you put aside more money at a lower income level than you can with a SEP IRA.
As an employee, you can stash away as much as $18,000 ($24,000 if you’re age 50 or older). As the boss, you can contribute an additional 25% of compensation, up to a maximum of $53,000, including your employee contribution. These contributions are discretionary, so you can save the maximum in flush years and nothing in tougher times.
If you and your spouse are both in the plan and enjoy a banner year, you could save a total of $106,000. And if you are both 50 or older and eligible for catch-up contributions of $6,000 each, the total climbs to $118,000.
It's also possible to take out a loan against an individual 401(k). That can be useful if you need funds during a business crunch. You can borrow half the account's balance, up to $50,000, and typically take up to five years to pay it back (provider rules vary). That said, borrowing from a retirement plan should be a last resort, since it could seriously undermine your long-term goals.
Individual 401(k)s come with a bit of bureaucratic hassle. Once your balance exceeds a certain level - $250,000 in 2016 - you have to fill out an IRS form (form 5500) every year, which adds a bit to your accountant's bill.
